ኤርትራ ኣብ ናይ 2022 ዝርዝር ሃገራት ብመንጽር  ዲሞክራስያዊ መዕቀኒ ካብተን ዳርጋ ዲሞክራስያዊ ኣሰር ዘየብለን ዝተባህላ ናይ መወዳእታ 22 ሃገራት፡ ካብታ መወዳእታ ዘላ ኣፍጋኒስታን ጀሚርካ ኣብ መበል 16 ሰፊራ ከም ዘላ “ግሎባል ስቴት ኦፍ ዲሞክራሲ/Global state of democracy” ዝተባህለ ትካል ሓቢሩ። እቲ ትካል ኣብ ናይ 2022 ዝርዝር መጽናዕቱ ዘእተወን 167 ሃገራት እየን።

Global state of Democracy 2023ኣርማ ትካል፡ ካብ ማሕበራዊ መዲያ

ኣብቲ መጽናዕቲ ዝቐረቡ መምዘኒ ነጥብታት፡ ናብ 5 ጉጅለታት ዝተጠርነፉ 60 ዛዕባታት እዮም። እቶም ሓሙሽተ ጥርኑፋት መምዘንታት፡ ምርጫን ብዙሕነትን፡ ሲቪላዊ ናጽነት፡ መንግስታዊ ንጥፈታት፡ ፖለቲካዊ ተሳትፎ ህዝብን ፖለቲካዊ ባህልን ምዃኖም እቲ መጽናዕቲ ጠቒሱ። ከምዚ ዓይነት መጽናዕቲ ምክያድ በቲ ትካል ዝተጀመረ ብ2007 ኮይኑ፡ ካብ 2010 ድማ ብስሩዕ ዝወጽእ ዓመታዊ ጸብጻብ ኮይኑ ይቕጽል ኣሎ።

ኣብቲ ንሃገራት ዝወሃብ መዕቀኒ ነጥቢ፡ እቲ ዝለዓለ 8 ወይ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ እዩ። ብመጽር እዚ ምሉእ ዲሞክራሲ የዘውትራ ንዝተባህላ ዝወሃብ ነጥቢ 8 ወይ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ኮይኑ፡ ኤርትራ 2.03 ካብ 8 ብምርካብ እያ ካብ ጠቕላላ እተን ኣብቲ መጽናዕቲ ዝኣተዋ ሃገራት መበል 152፡ ካብተን ኣብ ዝለዓለ ምልኪ ዘለዋ 22 ሃገራት ድማ መበል 16 ተሰሪዓ ዘላ። ብመንጽር ናይተን ካለኦት ሃገራት ኩነታት ክረአ እንከሎ፡ እዚ ንኤርትራ ዝተዋህበ ነጥብን ደረጃ ዝተጋገነነ እዩ።

ብመሰረት እቲ ጠቕላላ ዝርዝር እተን ዳርጋ ምሉእ ዲሞክራሲ ኣለወን ዝተባህላ 24 ሃገራት ኮይነን፡ ካብኣተን እታ ቀዳመይቲ ነርወይ 9.81 ብምርካብ ኮይና፡ መበል 24 ድማ ደቡብ ኮርያ 8.03 ነጥቢ ብምርካብ እየን። ካብተን ኤርትራ እትርከበን ኣብ ኣዝዩ ሕሱም ምልኪ ዘለዋ 22 ሃገራት ድማ ቀዳመይቲ ኣፍጋኒስታን 0.32 ብምርካብ ኮይና መበል 22 ድማ ሩሲያ 2.28 ነጥብታት ብምርካብ እየን።

እቲ መጽናዕቲ ንኩነታት ዝምድና ሃገራት ምስ ዩክረይንን ሩሲያን ኣብ ግምት ዘእተወ ኮይኑ፡ እተን ኣብ ዝለዕለ ዲሞክራሲ ዝርከባ 24 ሃገራት ካብተን ንዩክረይን ዝድግፋ እየን። እተን ኣብ ሓያል ምልኪ ዝክረከባ ኤርትራ ዘላትን 22 ሃገራት ከኣ ምስ ሩሲያ ዝወገና ምዃነን እቲ መጽናዕቲ ኣርእዩ።

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Martin Plaut posted: " The 103-page ruling accepted the state’s position that desertion from the Eritrean army merits asylum only if it has an ideological dimension – “something more” that would indicate that the asylum seeker was genuinely being persecuted. Source: Haare" Martin Plaut

 

Martin Plaut

Feb 8

The 103-page ruling accepted the state’s position that desertion from the Eritrean army merits asylum only if it has an ideological dimension – “something more” that would indicate that the asylum seeker was genuinely being persecuted.

Source: Haaretz

The new ruling accepted the state’s position that desertion from the Eritrean army merits asylum only if it has an ideological dimension – ‘something more’ that would indicate that the asylum seeker was genuinely being persecuted.

People wait in line at the Population and Immigration Authority in Bnei Brak in December.

People wait in line at the Population and Immigration Authority in Bnei Brak in December.Credit: תומר אפלבאוםBar PelegGet email notification for articles from Bar PelegFollow

Feb 8, 2023 12:51 am IST

An appellate custody tribunal has ruled for the first time that the criteria Israel set in 2019 for approving Eritreans’ asylum requests complies with Israel’s interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention.

The ruling, issued last week, therefore rejected the applications of 34 asylum seekers who were jailed and tortured in Eritrea because they intended to desert the army. They fled to Israel in 2010.

The 103-page ruling accepted the state’s position that desertion from the Eritrean army merits asylum only if it has an ideological dimension – “something more” that would indicate that the asylum seeker was genuinely being persecuted.

Until early 2013, Eritreans couldn’t file asylum applications at all because Israel gave them collective protection, and the state therefore saw no point in examining individual requests. But even after it started considering such requests that May, it rejected most of them. In January 2022, Haaretz reported that 98.5 percent of Eritrean asylum requests were rejected after being examined in light of the new criteria.

The state has steadfastly insisted that desertion from the army, even if it carries a substantial penalty, isn’t grounds for asylum. In 2018, the Justice Ministry’s appellate custody tribunal rejected that position, saying that while desertion alone indeed isn’t grounds for asylum, it could be if deserting expressed a political opinion whose punishment could amount to persecution.

The state appealed that ruling, but as part of the subsequent legal proceedings, it drafted new asylum criteria that required it reexamine some 3,000 asylum applications.

The tribunal’s judge, Chanania Guggenheim, said that both the opinion drafted by the Population and Immigration Authority’s legal adviser in 2013 and the criteria drafted by an advisory committee in 2019 were legal, so there was no reason to intervene in them.

“The document includes two principles that, if one of them exists alongside desertion or draft-dodging, could establish grounds for asylum,” he wrote. “Moreover, it lists indicators and circumstances that could influence the examination of an application, both positively and negatively.”

“Even assuming someone who returned to Eritrea would be persecuted because of his desertion, this persecution isn’t happening due to one of the grounds in the convention, such as political views or belonging to a certain social group,” he added.

He also wrote that “there is no barrier to the Population Authority interpreting the Refugee Convention so as to wield its authorities legally; it is even obliged to do so.” This interpretation will be binding unless and until the courts rule otherwise, he added.

Guggenheim stressed that his ruling doesn’t eliminate the need to examine every application individually. But he said the criteria are based on “reliable, up-to-date information about the country of origin” and constitute “a suitable tool that could be of help in examining asylum requests from Eritrea.”

He also rejected one appellant’s request to publish the criteria in full, lest this undermine the credibility of asylum proceedings. But he said the criteria ease the burden of proof on asylum seekers.

Michal Pomerantz, who represented one appellant, said she plans to appeal the ruling.

The ruling also noted that not long ago, similar appeals were heard by three Supreme Court justices, yet now, they are heard by a single custody judge. This has drawbacks, Guggenheim wrote, but it also has an advantage – the tribunal’s decisions can be appealed to the regular courts.

Finally, he said the state should consider suitable solutions for asylum seekers who have been here for a long time due to the non-refoulement policy, which bars the deportation of asylum seekers from certain countries where conditions are particularly bad. Nevertheless, he added, this issue is not within the tribunal’s purview.

 

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Martin Plaut posted: " Source: Africa Ex-Press [Computer translation from Italian] Between 2017 and 2021, over 200,000 migrants were brought to Libya and reduced to a total state of slavery. This is supported by research conducted by Mirjam van Reisen , p" Martin Plaut

 

Martin Plaut

Feb 3

Source: Africa Ex-Press

[Computer translation from Italian]

Between 2017 and 2021, over 200,000 migrants were brought to Libya and reduced to a total state of slavery.

This is supported by research conducted by Mirjam van Reisen , professor of International Relations at the University of Tilburg (The Netherlands), in collaboration with Munyaradzi Mawere of the University of Unisa, South Africa, as well as holder of the chair of African Studies at the Great Zimbabwe University .

Also participating in the study were Klara Smits , a PhD candidate at Tilburg University, specializing in human trafficking routes from Eritrea to Libya, and Morgane Wirtzè, a PhD candidate at Tilburg University, where she researches human trafficking and sexual violence. in Libya.

In these days  the book  ENSLAVED has been published. Trapped and Trafficked in Digital Black Holes”: Human Trafficking Trajectoriories to Libya”, which includes the result of the scholars' research.

Many of the refugees who have landed in Libya are Eritreans , they in particular are trafficked and enslaved, subjected to torture, abuse of all kinds and even sexual violence to force family members to pay a ransom for their release.

If they manage to escape from the concentration camps and reach the Mediterranean, they risk being intercepted and sent back to Libya or dying at sea. These are the conclusions of the research, published in the book.

Using ingenious digital methods , such as a tag with an electronic code, human traffickers transport refugees through a series of "black holes", digital voids, as migrants often do not have access to the internet and most are even cut off their cellular.

Thanks to digital technologies , traffickers control the internet access of refugees fleeing their countries, especially from the Eritrean dictatorship.

Many die along the way . During the period of this study (2017-2021), it is estimated that at least 200,000 refugees – men, women and children – were victims of human trafficking for extortion in Libya. It is estimated that the turnover of the shady traffic is around one billion dollars.

In the publication, the researchers argue  that inequalities in access and control of digital and connection technologies have contributed to making trafficking possible, reducing hundreds of thousands of human beings into total slavery.

The policies of the European Union , Libya and other countries in the Horn of Africa have also ensured that this state of affairs has persisted over time, indeed according to the researchers it seems that they have even fueled it.

Without legal aid in accordance with international law, Eritreans especially remain trapped in a cycle of human trafficking from which it is difficult, if not impossible, to escape.

The research arose from on-the-spot contact with refugees , who managed to send secret recordings or communicate via social media. Most of the interviews with refugees who have managed to flee took place in countries bordering Libya, such as Niger, Sudan and Tunisia. Refugees who managed to reach Europe were also heard directly .

This detailed ethnographic study identifies the routes , modus operandi, organization and key actors involved in human trafficking for the purpose of ransom refugees and migrants.

The book is part of the GAIC research network (Tilburg University) and the African studies series published by Langaa RPCIG and provides an important contribution to the literature on human trafficking, migration studies, African populations, modern slavery, social protection and governance.

Earlier this year , Eritrean Kidane Zekarias Habtemariam, one of the most vicious traffickers of human beings, was arrested in Sudan . His arrest was possible thanks to the contribution of the United Arab Emirates and Interpol.

The trafficker was placed on the Dutch Most Wanted list.

Thanks to its capillary network , which extended from Somalia to Libya, it organized the trafficking of thousands of Ethiopian, Eritrean and Somali youths to Europe, through Libya. Kidane has put aspiring asylum seekers through hell with torture, violence, to extort money from family members.

Kidane was recognized on the streets of Addis Ababa by a migrant, tortured by himself. The criminal was then arrested for the first time in Ethiopia in 2020. Tried for human trafficking, a year later he managed to escape from the federal court in the Ethiopian capital. Thanks to the complicity of police officers, he changed in the courthouse toilets before leaving the building incognito. Months later, Ethiopia sentenced him in absentia to life imprisonment.

In the last two years , before his new arrest in Sudan, he continued his shady dealings undisturbed. The Netherlands has asked Khartoum for his extradition for trafficking in human beings between Africa and Europe.

ኮሚሽነር ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ጉዳይ ስደተኛታት ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት፡ ፍሊፖ ግራንድ ብ7 ለካቲት 2023 ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ከባቢ ዳባት/ጎንደር ናብ ዝርከብ መደበር ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት ኣለምዋጭ ከም ዝበጽሑ ካብ ቢቢሲን ድምጺ ኣሜሪካን ዝተረኽበ ሓበሬታ ኣረዲኡ።

እቶም ኮሚሽነር ድሕሪ ምብጸሖም ኣብ ዝሃብዎ መግለጺ፡ ኣብቲ መደበር፡ ካብተን ኣብ ትግራይ ዝነበራ  ብሰንኪ ውግእ ዝፈረሳ ኣርባዕተ መደበራት ዝመጹ 23 ሺሕ ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት ከም ዘለዉ ጠቒሶም። ኣብ ኣተሓሕዛ ናይቲ መደበር መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያን ናይቲ ከባቢ ኣመሓደርትን ምስቲ ኮሚሽን ንዝገብርዎ ምትሕብባር ከም ዘመስገኑ እውን ተሓቢሩ።

ኮሚሽነር ፍሊፖ ግራንድ ምስ ተወከልቲ ናይቶም ስደተኛታት ኣብ ዝገበርዎ ርክብ፡ እቲ መደበር ዘለዎ ጸገም ከም ዝርድኡን ንምፍታሑ እቲ ኮሚሽን ዝከኣሎ ከም ዝገብር ቃል ከም ዝኣተዉሎምን ቢቢሲ ንተለቪዥን ኢትዮጵያ ብምጥቃስ ሓቢሩ። እቶም ኮሚሽነር ናይቶም ስደተኛታት ጸገም ብጽሑፍ ከም ዝበጸሖም ጠቒሶም፡ ነቲ ጸገማት ንምፍታሕ ተወሳኺ በጀት ከም ዘድልን ነዚ ንምምላእ ካብ ግብረ-ሰናይ ትካላት ከም ዝሓቱን ኣረዲኦም።

እቶም ስደተኛታት ብወገኖም እቲ መደበር ብባህሪኡ ንስደተኛታት ከምዘይጥዕም ጠቒሶም፡ ናይ ቀረባት ጸገምን፡ ብሰንኪ ኣብቲ ከባቢ  ዕጡቓት ምህላዎምን ናይ ድሕንነት ስግኣት ከምዘጋጥም እዮም ብተደጋጋሚ ክጠቕሱ ዝጸንሑ።

ብኻልእ ወገን ድማ ኮሚሽነር ፍሊፖ ግራንድ ናብ ክተማ መቐለ ተጓዒዞም ናይቶም ብሰንኪ ውግእ ተመዛቢሎም ኣብ መጽለሊ ቦታታት ዘለዉ በጺሖም ኩነታቶም ከም ዝተረድኡ ተሓቢሩ።

ንግዳዊ ባንክ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ጨንፈር መቐለ

መንግስታዊ ንግዳዊ ባንክ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኣብ ትግራይ ካብ 7 ጥሪ 2023 ጀሚሩ ኣብ 31 ጨናፍሩ ናይቲ ክልል ስሩዕ ኣገልግሎት ክህብ ከም ዝጀመራ ተፈሊጡ። በቲ ዝተዋህበ ሓበሬታ መሰረት እተን ኣገልግሎት ዝህባ ጨናፍር ብተሌኮም፡ ናይ ኢንተርነት መስመር ኣብ ዝተዘርገሓሉ ከባቢ ዝርከባ እየን። ኣብተን ዝተረፋ ጨናፍር ድማ ናይ ኢንተርነት መስመር ኣብ ዝተዘርገሓሉ እዋን ኣገልግሎት ምሃብ ክቕጽል እዩ።

በቲ ሓበሬታ መሰረት፡ እቲ ኣወሃህባ ኣገልግሎት ከምቲ ናይ ካልእ ከባቢታት ኢትዮጵያ ተመሳሳሊ ኮይኑ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ ክሳብ 50 ሺሕ ብር ከውጽኡ ከም ዝኽእሉን ብነባር ኮነ ሓድሽ ሕሳብ ማዕረ ከም ዝግልገሉን ተሓቢሩ። እንተኾነ ሓደ ሰብ ናይዚ ኣገልግሎት ተጠቃሚ ክኸውን ዝኽእል ኣብቲ መጀመርያ ሕሳብ ዝኸፈተሉ ጨንፈር ጥራይ እዩ። ካብ ወጻኢ ዝለኣኽ ገንዘብ እውን ከምቲ ልሙድ ኣሰራርሓ ናብ ሕሳብ ናይቲ ተቐባሊ ምስ ኣተወ ኣውጺኡ ክግልገለሉ ይኽእል እዩ።

ንግዳዊ ባንክ ኢትዮጵያ ነዚ ኣገልግሎት ዝህብ ዘሎ፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ መዓልታት ተዛተይቲ ፈደራላዊ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያን ክልል ትግራይን ምስ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ኢትዮጵያ ዶ/ር ኣብይ ኣሕመድ ተራኺቦም፡ ብዛዕባ ዝተፈላለዩ ጉዳያት ድሕሪ ምምይያጦም፡ ናብ ትግራይ 5 ቢልዮን ብር ንክለኣኽ እሞ ናብ ባንክታት ክከፋፈል ምስተወሰነ  እዩ።

ንግዳዊ ባንኪ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ቅድሚ ሕጂ እውን ኣብ ትግራይ ተኸፊቱኳ እንተነበረ፡ ብዘይካ ካብ ወጻኢ ካብ ዝተላእከ ገንዘብ ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ 2,000 ብር ምሃብ፡ ስሩዕ ባንካዊ ኣገልግሎት ክህብ ኣይጸንሐን። ካብዚ ንደሓር መንግስታዊ ንግዳዊ ባንኪ ኢትዮጵያ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ኩለን ባንክታት ኣብ ትግራይ ኣገልግሎት ክህባ ትጽቢት ኣሎ። ምጅማር ስሩዕ ኣገልግሎት ባንክታት ነቲ ኣብ ትግራይ ዝካየድ ምቕራብ ረዲአት እውን ሓጋዚ እዩ።

ኮሚተ ሰላምን ጸጥታን ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ፡ ኣብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ብዛዕባ ኩነታት ሱዳን እናዘተየ

ሱዳን ዝተወንዘፈ ናይ ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ ኣባልነታ ክምለሰላ ከም እትደሊ፡ ናይታ ሃገር ሚኒስተሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ብ5 ለካቲት 2023 ኣብ ዘውጸኦ መግለጺ ሓቢሩ።  ሱዳን ኣባልነታ ዝተወንዘፈ፡ ኣብ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ 2021 ኣብ ልዕሊቲ ብሲቪል ዝምራሕ መሰጋገሪ መንግስቲ ወተሃደራዊ ዕልዋ ብምክያዱ እዩ።

ናይ ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ ኮሚተ ሰላምን ጸጥታን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሱዳን ናይ ምውንዛፍ ስጉምቲ ዝወሰደ ድሕሪቲ ብመሪሕነት ጀነራል ዓብደል ፈታሕ ኣልቡርሃን፡ ድሕሪ ምውጋድ መንግስቲ ፕረሲደንት ዑመር ኣልበሽር ንካለኣይ ግዜ ዝተኻየደ ዕልዋ መንግስቲ እዩ። እቲ  ናይ ሱዳን ካብ ንጥፈታት ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ ምውንዛፍ፡ ክሳብ ኣብታ ሃገር ሲቪላዊ መንግስቲ ዝምስረት ዝቕጽል ምንባሩ እቲ ሕብረት ክገልጾ ዝጸንሐ እዩ።

ዋላኳ ኣብ ሱዳን እቲ ወተሃደራዊ ምምሕዳር ቀጻሊ እንተሎ፡ እቲ መንግስቲ ካብ ዝሓለፈ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ 2022 ጀሚሩ፡ ኢብራሂም ጃብር ንዝተባህሉ ኣባል መሪሕነቱ ናብተን ኣባል ኮሚተ ሰላምን ጸጥታን ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ ዝኾና ሃገራት ኣዋፊሩ፡ ኣባልነት ሱዳን ናብ ንቡር ንክምለስ ከረድኡ ክንቀሳቐሱ ከም ዝጸንሑ እቲ ዜና ሓቢሩ።

ካብ ናይ ሱዳን ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ሚኒስትሪ፡ ደፍዓላ ኣልሓጅ ብወገኖም፡ ኣብዚ ቅንያት፡ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብ ዝርከብ ቤት ጽሕፈት ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ፡ ምስ ኣባላት ኮሚተ ሰላምን ጸጥታን ናይቲ ሕብረት ብዛዕባ ሱዳን ካብ ምውንዛፍ ንጥፈታታ  እትወጸሉ ክዝትዩ ከም ዝቐነዩ ተፈሊጡ’ሎ።

ናይ ሃገራት ናይ ብልሽውና ደረጃ ዝከታተል corruption perception ዝተባህለ ኣካል ብ ዝገበሮ ናይ 2022 መጽናዕቲ: ኤርትራ ሓንቲ ካብተን ቀዳሞት ብዝለዓለ ደረጃ ብልሽውና ዝረኣየለን 20 ሃገራት ምዃና ሓቢሩ። ናይ ሃገራት ደረጃ ብልሽውና ንምውጻእ፡ ካብ ሓደ ክሳብ ሚእቲ ነጥቢ ዝወሃበን ኮይኑ፡ እተን ሚእቲ ዝወሃበን እተን ብልሽውና ዘይረኣየለን ሃገራት ኮይነን፡ ዜሮን ናብ ዜሮ ዝቐረበን ነጥቢ ዝረኽባ ድማ ምጥፍፋእ ብዝለዓለ ደረጃ ዝሳዕረረለን እየ።  

በዚ መሰረት ኣብ ናይ 2022 መጽናዕቲ ደንማርክ  90% ብምርካብ ቀዳመይቲ ብልሽውና ብዝተሓተ ደረጃ ዘይረኣየላ ሃገር ክትከውን እንከላ፡ ፊንላንድን ነውዘላንድን ድማ ነፍሲ ወከፈን  87%፡  ብምርካብ 2ይ ደረጃ ሒዘን ተመዝጊበን። ኖርወይ፡ ሲንጋፖር፡ ሽወደን፡ ስዊዘርላንድ፡ ኔዘርላን፡ ጀርመን ኣየርናድን ድማ ካብተን ቀዳሞት 10 ዝወሓደ ብልሽውና ዝረኣየለን ኮይነን ተጠቒሰን።

ኤርትራ 22% ብምርካብ  ማዕረ ሱዳን ካብተን 20 ቀዳሞት ዝለዓለ ብልሽውና ዝረኣየን ሃገራት ኮይና፡ ካብተን 180 ሃገራት ኣብ መበል 162 ተሰሪዓ። ምስ ናይ 2021 ክወዳደር እንከሎ ኤርትራ ብሓደ ደረጃ ከም ዝንቆልቆለት ኣብቲ መጽናዕቲ ሰፊሩ። ሶማሊያ 12% ብምርካብ ካብተን ኣብቲ መጽናዕቲ ዝኣተዋ 180 ሃገራት ዝለዓለ ብልሽውና ዝረኣየላ ሃገር ኮይና። ሶርያን ደቡብ ሱዳንን ድማ ነፍሲ ወከፈን 13% ብምርካብ 2ይትን 3ይትን ኣደዳ ብልሽውናዝኾና ሃገራት ኮይነን ኣብቲ ሰንጠረዥ ሰፊረን። ኣብ ርእሲዚ፡ ቬንዝዋላ፡ የመን ሊቢያ፡ ሰሜን ኮርያ፡ ሃይትን ኢኳቶሪኣል ጊኒን ኣካል እተን ቀዳሞት ብብልሽውና ዝተጠቕዓ 10 ሃገራት እየን።

እቲ ነዚ መጽናዕቲ ዘካየደ ኣካል ከም ዝሓበሮ፡ ማእከላይ መዕቀኒ ካብ ሚእቲ 43 ነጥቢ ምርካብ እዩ። በቲ መጽናዕቲ መሰረት ዝያዳ ክልተ ሲሶ ካብተን 180 ሃገራት ትሕቲ 50% ዝረኸባ እየን። ኤርትራ እትርከበን 26 ሃገራት ድማ ካብቲ ማእከላይ መዕቀኒ 43% ንታሕቲ ዝረኸባ ኮይነን ከም ዝተመዝገባ ተሓቢሩ። ኢትዮጵያ ድማ 38% ረኺባ፡ ኣብ መበል 94 ተሰሪዓ ትርከብ።

ርእሰ-ዓንቀጽ ሰዲህኤ

ውግእ ናይ ዝኾነ ጸገም ቀጻልን ውሑስን መፍትሒ ከምዘይኮነ፡ ብናይ ብዙሓት ተመኩሮ ዝተረጋገጸ ሓቂ እዩ።  ርሑቕ ከይከድና ኣብ ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ ተዘክሮና እውን ብግብሪ ተራእዩ እዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኤርትራ፡ ህግደፍ ምስ የመን ዝኸፈቶ ውግእ ናብ ኣህጉራዊ ቤት ፍርዲ ቀሪቡ፡ ብናይ የመን ልዕልና መዕለቢ ምርካቡ፡ ናይ 1998-2000 ደማዊ ውግእ ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን ብናይ ኣልጀርስ ስምምዕ ተቛሪጹ፡ ናብ ቤት ፍርዲ ዘሄግ  ኣምሪሑ ብቀያድን ናይ መወዳእታን ፍርዲ ምብያኑ፡  ንዝሓለፉ ዝያዳ ክልተ ዓመታት ብዝለዓለ ተሳትፎ ህግደፍን ፍሉይ ሓይሊ ኣምሓራን ኣብ መንጎ ፈደራላዊ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያን ክልል ትግራይን ክካየድ ዝጸንሐ ውግእ እውን፡ ብናይ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃን ኬንያን ስምምዕ ናይ ምዝዛም መልክዕ ሒዙ ይቕጽል ምህላዉ ናይ ውግእ መወዳእታ፡ ውግእ ዘይምዃኑ ዘርእዩ ኣብነታት እዮም።

ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ጸገማት ካብ ውግእ ወጻኢ ክፍታሕ ከም ዝኽእል ዘይስቆሮ ኣብ ርእሲ ምዃኑ፡ ኣብ ተመኩሮኡ ብውግእ ዝሰኸረ እዩ። ውግእ መፍትሒ ከም ዘይከውንን፡ ቀጻሊ ዘተኣማምን ሰላም ከም ዘየውሕስን ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ህይወት ሰብ ኣጽኒቱን ሃብቲ ሃገር ኣዕንዩን ናብ ውድቀት ዝወስድ ጽልሙት መንገዲ እዩ። ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ገዛእ እታ ብክቡር መስዋእቶም ዘምጽእዋ ናጻን ልኡላዊትን ሃገሮም ኣደዳ፡ ስደት፣ ድኽነትን ስግኣትን ኮይነምሉ ካብ ዘለዉ ቀንዲ ምኽንያታት ሓደ፡ ካብ ድሌቶምን ኣፍልጠኦምን ወጻኢ፡ ብዘይፈልጥዎ ሕቡእ ኣጀንዳታት ኣብ ዕረፍቲ ዘይህብ ውግኣት ምጽማዶም እዩ።  ምምሕዳር ህግደፍ ኣብ ክንዲ ካብ ናይ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ተመኩረኡ ተማሂሩን ተዓጊሱን ንሰላማዊ መፍትሒ ዕድል ዝህብ፡ ናይ ወትሩ ምርጫኡን ሕልሙን ውግእ እዩ። እዚ ድማ ቀጻልነት ስልጣኑ እንተዘይኮይኑ፡ እቲ ዝጠፍእ ኤርትራዊ ህይወትን ዝባኽን ጸጋ ሃገርን ዘየገድሶ ምዃኑ ዘርኢ እዩ።

ኣብ ከም ናይ ኤርትራ ዝኣመሰሉ ህዝባዊ መሰረትን ተቐባልነትን ዘየብሎም ዓመጸኛ ስርዓታት፡ ናይቲ ውግእ ቀንዲ ዕላማ ናይ ህዝቢ ሕቶ ከይምልስ ምሕባእን ኣብ ስልጣን መቐጸልን እዩ። እቲ ውግእ ናህሩ ወዲኡ ናብ መድረኽ ሰላምን ሕግን ምስተመለሰ፡ በቲ ብዛዕባቲ ክቡር ዋጋ ዘኸፈለሉ፡ መንቀሊኡን ዕላማኡን   ዘይፈልጥ ወገን፡ “ኣበይ ጸኒሕና፡ ስለምንታይከ፡ መንዩኸ ዝሕተተሉ?” ዝብሉ ሕቶታት ክሓትት ናይ ግድን እዩ። ኣብ ኤርትራ ድሕሪ ውግእ ምስ የመን ብዙሕኳ እንተዘይተወዓውዐ ናይ ህዝቢ ሕቶታት ነይሩ እዩ።  ድሕሪ ውግእ ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን 1998-2000 ድማ፡ ብመጠንቲ ዝሓተቶ፡ ናይ ብዙሓት ሞት፡ ስንክልና፡ ምምዝባልን ምብኻን ሃብቲ ሃገርን ብዝሓየለ ተራእዩ። እቲ ሕቶታት ናይቲ ውግእ ሳዕቤንን ዝሕተተሉ ኣካል መን ምዃኑን ብምንጻር ናብ ናይ ድሕሪ ውግእ ክዕመም ዝነበሮ ዘቤታውን ሕገመንግስታውን ዋኒን ምምላስን ዝዓለመ ነይሩ።

ህግደፍ ግና ኣይኮነንዶ ብግብሪ ተሓቲቱ፡ “ምናልባት ከይሕተት” ኢሉ መህደሚ መንገዲ ምምድማድ ልማዱ ስለ ዝነበረን ዝኾነን፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ እቶም ናብ ንቡር ክምለስ  ዝሓተትዎ ላዕለዎትን ማእከሎትን ሓለፍቲ ህግደፍን ጋዜጠኛታትን ዝወሰዶ ጨካን ስጉምቲ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኮነ ሕብረተሰብ  ዓለም ዝተፈልጠ፡ እቲ ጉጅለ ክሳብ ክንደይ ተሓታትነት ዘይጸውርን ዘይህዝባውን ምዃኑ ዘነጸረ ነይሩ። ንሱ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ዘይሰብኣዊ ምዃኑ እውን ዝተቓለዓሉ ፍጻመ እዩ። ሎሚ ድሕሪዚ “ኣብ ውግእ ትግራይ ተዓዊተ ተመሊሰ ኣለኹ” ኢሉ ዝጭድረሉ  ዘሎ ግዜ እውን ኣብ ኤርትራ ናይ ድሕሪ ውግእ ፖለቲካዊ  ቅልውላው ክንጸባረቕ ባህርያዊ እዩ። እሞ ከምቲ ናይ ቅድሚ ሕጂዶ እቲ ሕቶ ይጐልሕን ኣይጐልሕን ግና ሓቢርካ ዝረአ እዩ። ብወገና ህዝቢ ልዕሊ ዝጠፍኡ ደቁን ዝባኸነ ሃብቱን ስለዘይብሉ፡ ብኢሳያስ ብዝንገሮ ናይ ሓሶት ናይ ግዳያት ኣሃዝ ከይተዳዓዓሰ፡ ኣብ ቃልዕ ወጺኡ ድምጹ ከስምዕ ይግበኦ ንብል። ብውሕዱ እቲ “ንዝሓለፈ ዕስራ ዓመታት ዘቤታዊ ጉዳይና ከይንዓምም ኣብ ትሕቲ ስግኣት ወያነን ኣሜሪካን ኢና ጸኒሕና” ብዝብል ተሓቢእሉ ዝጸንሐ በዓቲ፡ በቲ ባዕሉ “ንወያነ ሓደጋ ናብ ዘይትኾነና ደረጃ ኣውሪድና ኢና”  ዝበሎ  ከም ዝተቓለዐ ፍሉጥ እዩ።

እዚ ቅልውላው ድሕሪ ውግእ፡ ኣብቶም ካለኦት ክዋስኡ ዝጸንሑ እውን ብጋህዲ ይረአ ኣሎ። ኣብ ፈደራል መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ፡ በቲ ሓደ ወገን ኣብ ክልል ኦሮሞ መመሊሱ ዝልሕም ዘሎ ውግእ፡ በቲ ካልእ ወገን ድማ ኣብ መንጎ ኦሮሞን ኣምሓራን ዝምዕብል ዘሎ ምፍጣጥ ሓደገኛ ናይ ድሕሪ ውግእ ቅልውላው መርኣያ እዩ። ነቲ ፖለቲካዊ ምስሕሓብ ተኸቲሉ፡ ኣብ ኦርተደኩሳዊት ቤተክርስትያን ኢትዮጵያ ዝረአ ዘሎ ሓደገኛ መንግስታዊ ኢድ ኣእታውነት ዘጋደዶ ናዕቢ ተወሲኽዎ፡ እቲ ናይ ድሕሪ ውግእ ቅልውላው ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ይዓርግ ከም ዘሎ ዘርኢ እዩ።

ኣብ ክልል ትግራይ ካብ ናይ ዝተወሰኑ ወገናት ምቅዋም ንውዕል ሰላም ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃን ኬንያን ጀሚሩ፡ ሓያሎ ናብ ሓያል ቅልውላው ድሕሪ ውግእ ዘምርሑ ዘለዉ ዝመስሉ  ርሱናት ሕቶታት ይለዓሉ ኣለዉ።  “ትግራይ ድሕሪ ሕጂ ከመይ እያ እትቕጽል?” ኣብ ዝብል፡ ነብሳ ዝኸኣለት ሃገርዶ ትኹን፡ ኣካል ኢትዮጵያ ኮይና ትቐጽል?፡ ህወሓትን ከም ውድብን መሪሕነታን ይቕጽሉዶ ኣይቐጽሉ?፡ ትግራይ ትምረሓሉ ስነ-ሓሳብ ከምቲ ዝጸንሓቶ ሰውራዊ ዲሞክራሲዶ ናብ ኣብ ናጻ ዕዳጋ ዝተሰረተ ምዕራባዊ ዲሞክራሲ ትሰጋገር?፡ ኣብ ትግራይ ምጽናት ዓሌት ተፈጺሙዶ ኣይተፈጸመን እንተተፈጺሙኸ መሪሕነት ህወሓት ኣካል ናይቶም ዝሕተቱ ድዩ ኣይፋሉን? ……… ወዘተ፡ ዝብሉ ሕቶታት ይባርዑ ኣለዉ። ምናልባት እውን እዚ ንህወሓት ናብቲ  ብ2001 ዘጋጠማ  ምክፍፋል ከይሸማ ናይ ብዙሓት ወገናት ስኽፍታን ስግኣትን ኮይኑ ዘሎ እዩ።

ኣብዚ ኩነታት፡ ኤርትራዊ ሓይልታት ለውጢኸ፡ ካብቲ ብሰንኪ እቲ ውግእ ዘስዓቦ ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ፍልልያት ተረሓሒቕዎ ዝጸንሐ ተመሊሱ፡ ኣብዚ ናይ ድሕሪ ውግእ ቅልውላው ብኸመይ ሓቢሩ  ክዋሳእ  ከም ዝግበኦ ብጽሞናን ብህዝባዊ ሓላፍነትን ክሓስበሉ ኣብ  ዝግበኦ  እዩ  ዘሎ።

Saturday, 04 February 2023 23:33

Dimtsi Harnnet Sweden 04.02.2023

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